IPv6 is supposed be replacing IPv4 to provide more address space. The Internet ran out.
This page can show you how to create Ethernet Cables per TIA Cabling Standards specification.
This information is about how Ping and Traceroute on routers functions. Windows computers use ICMP for traceroute. All Traceroute is based on a set TTL value for each probe towards the destination expecting an ICMP "exceeded time-to-live" packet from the responding router in the path and displaying that router in the path. Routers use UDP probes.